Contents
The Best Dual Turntable of 2023 – Reviewed and Top Rated
After hours researching and comparing all models on the market, we find out the Best Dual Turntable of 2023. Check our ranking below.
2,138 Reviews Scanned
Rank No. #1
Dual CS 429 Fully Automatic Turntable with Die-Cast Aluminum Platter - Black
- Fully Automatic tonearm lifts with the push of a button.
- Solid aluminum construction with ball–bearings allow the tonearm to smoothly lift from rest to album.
- Solid MDF Plinth construction with internal vibration absorber.
- Die–Cast Aluminum platter with heavy rubber mat.
Rank No. #2
Dual CS 329 Fully Automatic Plug & Play Turntable
- Fully Automatic Functions Of The Tonearm And Motor Control
- Fixed Settings Out Of The Factory
- Precise Aluminium Die-cast
- Rubber Mountings For Vibration Decoupling
SaleRank No. #3
Dual Electronics Dual CS 518 Belt Drive Manual Turntable with Twin Gimbal Design Tonearm Black Vinyl Veneer
- Solid MDF plinth with a black vinyl veneer
- Precise aluminium die–cast platter
- Twin Gimbal Design tonearm
- Low vibration DC–Servo–Motor Drive
- Removable dust cover
SaleRank No. #4
Record Player for Vinyl with External Speakers, Belt-Drive Turntable Dual Stereo Speakers Vintage LP Support 3 Speed Wireless AUX Headphone Input Auto Stop Music Lover Walnut Red
- TWO DUAL EXTERNAL SPEAKERS - Equipped with a separable pair of speakers, let you enjoy the full,real and live vinyl audio in dual speakers easily. Allow connection to the set of included speakers or to your own externally-powered speakers via the dual RCA output cables. The volume is loud enough for many occasions. It will be a sparkling music system for your garden, your living room, and your party
- MUSIC WIRELESS INPUT STREAMING - Record player built-in Bluetooth receiver which can connect to your mobile phone wireless through sensitive and fast Bluetooth pairing and play music from all your favorite devices. Delivers premium audio quality and lets you enjoy your every sonic detail of your favorite music
- VINTAGE LOOKING DESIGN - Enjoy your favorite vinyl with this vintage-looking turntable. The minimalism, retro design of this record player makes for a stunning and functional turntable. Dual powered bookshelf speakers allows for multiple placement options, and can be placed as a bookshelf or record shelf. You’ll notice our attention to detail through unique touches which more affordable models just can’t match for
- 3-SPEED BELT-DRIVEN TURNTABLE - Three speed record player play all of your 33⅓, 45, 78 RPM vinyl records(7", 10"& 12" vinyls), 45 RPM adaptor included. Auto-stop function setting makes it possible to stop automatically when it reaches the end of the record, better protect your records
- USER WORRY-FREE SHOPPING - Simple setup and operation. Great ideal for a beginner. The AUX input port allow you to play mp3 music. Detachable hinged dust cover protects your record when not in use, and it would not affect the playback when you close it. A high-end vintage look, it will be a perfect gift for birthday and Christmas, especially for a music lover. Any questions,please email us, we always here!
Rank No. #5
LP&No.1 Vinyl Record Player, Wireless Turntable with Dual Stereo Bookshelf External Speakers, Adjustable 3-Speed Belt-Drive Turntable, LP Player with RCA, Auto Stop, Mahogany Wood
- 【3-Speed Belt-Drive System】This multi-functional record player can play all of your 33 1/3, 45, and 78 RPM vinyl albums with a 45 RPM adaptor included. The Auto-stop setting also makes it possible to let the platter stop turning automatically when your vinyl record has finished playing.
- 【Vinyl Player With Dual Stereo & Powerful Speakers】Easy to set up with this highly integrated audio system, even for beginners. You can listen to the stereo sound and deep bass from a pair of separate external speakers to enjoy outstanding vinyl audio.
- 【Wireless Digital Music】Built-in Wireless 5.0 receiver in this turntable allows digital music input. With the professional audio system and wireless input feature, you can enjoy your favorite music on this record player via wireless streaming from most smart devices, such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, laptops, etc.
- 【Built-in Preamp & RCA Output Jacks】Built-in Pre-amplifier & RCA output jacks allow connection to dual original external speakers or your speakers that support RCA audio cables for immersive music enjoyment.
- 【Vintage Vinyl Record Player】The retro wood grain design turntable comes with a highly transparent removable protective dust cover and stable supporting feet. And this phonograph is elegant and easy to use, making it great for home decoration & entertainment. Therefore, this vinyl record player will be an excellent gift for your family and friends on birthdays or many festivals like Christmas, especially for vinyl lovers!
SaleRank No. #6
Dual Electronics Dual CS 418 Belt Drive Manual Turntable Black Vinyl Veneer
- Solid MDF plinth with a black vinyl veneer
- Precise aluminium die–cast platter
- Solid aluminum construction tonearm with ball–bearings
- Low vibration DC–Servo–Motor Drive
- Removable dust cover
Rank No. #7
Rank No. #8
LP&NO.1 Vintage Record Player with Dual External Speakers,Bluetooth Turntable with RCA Output & Bluetooth Input,Walnut Wood
- ♬【Bluetooth Input Record Player】Bluetooth input function allow wireless play from smart phone and tablet; RCA jack to connect other speakers. You can play music from all your favorite devices like iPhone, Android smartphones, tablets.
- ♬【3-Speed Belt Drive Vintage Turntable】Play all of your 33,45,78RPM vinyl collections, 45 RPM adaptor included. Auto-stop setting makes it possible to stop automatically when it plays to the end of the record.
- ♬【Stereo Turntable Player with Outstanding Sound】Equipped with two separable external speakers, let you enjoy the full,real and live vinyl audio in dual speakers easily.Stereo sound quality is good and loud enough for many occasions.
- ♬【Both Vintage & Fashion Looking Record Player】This vintage turntable with solid wood appearance comes with a protective and modern dust cover which can be removed or closed while playing your vinyl collections.
- ♬【Worry-Free Warranty】 Lifetime technology-support with 30-day money-back guarantee for any reasons,and extra 60 days quality warranty for freely returning and exchanging new products. Get your turntable now without any worries.
Rank No. #9
MUSITREND 10 in 1 Record Player with Dual Stereo Speakers Vintage 3 Speed Turntable with Bluetooth AM FM Radio CD Cassette USB SD Play 3.5mm Headphone Aux-in RCA Line-Out (Black)
- ♬【All in One Multifunctional Record Player】This newest model turntable player supports various functions, including Vinyl records/Bluetooth/USB/SD/CD/Cassette play,AM FM Radio,Cassette/USB/SD Playback and encoding, Aux-in/RCA Line Out, Remote Control.
- ♬【Powerful External Speakers】Equipped with a pair of external speakers 2x10W, let you enjoy the full,real and live vinyl audio in dual speakers easily.The volume is loud enough for many occasions.
- ♬【3-Speed Vinyl Player】The diamond-tipped stylus plays 7, 10 and 12-inch vinyl discs at speeds of 33 1/3, 45 and 78 RPM. Auto-stop setting makes it possible to stop automatically when it reaches the end of the record.
- ♬【CD/Cassette/Vinyl-to-MP3 Recording】Converting Vinyl,Aux-in,CD,Cassette to USB/SD(MP3 Format) and Recording USB/SD,CD,Vinyl,Aux-in to Cassette directly.
- ♬【Great Gift Idea】Great choice for your boy,girl , father, mother. It's a fantastic gift on the Thanksgiving,Christmas,Mothers Day,Fathers Day,Birthday!
Rank No. #10
Record Player for Vinyl with External Speakers, Belt-Drive Turntable with Dual Stereo Speakers Vintage Vinyl LP Player Support 3 Speed Wireless AUX Headphone Input Auto Stop for Music Lover Walnut Red
- TWO DUAL EXTERNAL SPEAKERS - Equipped with a separable pair of speakers, let you enjoy the full,real and live vinyl audio in dual speakers easily. Allow connection to the set of included speakers or to your own externally-powered speakers via the dual RCA output cables. The volume is loud enough for many occasions. It will be a sparkling music system for your garden, your living room, and your party
- MUSIC WIRELESS INPUT STREAMING - Record player built-in Bluetooth receiver which can connect to your mobile phone wireless through sensitive and fast Bluetooth pairing and play music from all your favorite devices. Delivers premium audio quality and lets you enjoy your every sonic detail of your favorite music
- VINTAGE LOOKING DESIGN - Enjoy your favorite vinyl with this vintage-looking turntable. The minimalism, retro design of this record player makes for a stunning and functional turntable. Dual powered bookshelf speakers allows for multiple placement options, and can be placed as a bookshelf or record shelf. You’ll notice our attention to detail through unique touches which more affordable models just can’t match for
- 3-SPEED BELT-DRIVEN TURNTABLE - Three speed record player play all of your 33⅓, 45, 78 RPM vinyl records(7", 10"& 12" vinyls), 45 RPM adaptor included. Auto-stop function setting makes it possible to stop automatically when it reaches the end of the record, better protect your records
- USER WORRY-FREE SHOPPING - Simple setup and operation. Great ideal for a beginner. The AUX input port allow you to play mp3 music. Detachable hinged dust cover protects your record when not in use, and it would not affect the playback when you close it. A high-end vintage look, it will be a perfect gift for birthday and Christmas, especially for a music lover. Any questions,please email us, we always here!
Rank No. #11
JORLAI Vinyl Record Player, Dual Bluetooth Turntable for Vinyl Records with Built-in Speakers, 3-Speed, Belt Drive Vintage LP Phonograph Support RCA Outputs/Aux Input/AM/FM, Black
- 3 Speed Turntables Player: Our vinyl record player supports adjustment of 3 listening speeds (33/45/78 RPM) and playback of 3 sizes (7'', 10'' and 12''), easy settings for beginners to enjoy Your Favorite LP Album.
- Bluetooth wireless connection: The built-in wireless Bluetooth system allows you to stream music wirelessly from compatible Bluetooth devices such as smartphones, iPads, tablets, and more. Let you get rid of those extra cables and enjoy the joy of music easily.
- vinyl player Stereo Built in Dual Speakers: Built-in stereo speakers deliver the warm, clear sound of vinyl records. Helping you rediscover the full sound of vinyl records, taking you back to those good old memories.
- PC record to share records with family: Burn your vinyl collection to MP3 with CD software with this great record player. When you go to a family reunion, you can always play back memories of the good old days with your family.
- Gifting options for every occasion: Whether it's an old man looking to reminisce about the good old days or a young man just learning vinyl, the versatile, retro-chic turntable is a great birthday and holiday gift.
Rank No. #12
Trexonic 3-Speed Turntable with CD Player, Double Cassette Player, Bluetooth, FM Radio & USB/SD Recording
- The Trexonic 3-Speed Turntable With Double CD Player, Cassette Player, Wired Shelf Speakers, FM Radio & CD/USB/SD Recording blends seamlessly into your décor yet, adds a special touch of sophistication to your entertainment center
- This compact yet powerful system will allow you to enjoy your favorite music from a wide range of media such as cassette's, vinyl record's, CD's, digitally recorded music from your USB Flash Drive, SD Card and content from your Bluetooth enabled devices.
- Dual Cassette Player: Play, Pause, Fast-forward, Rewind, Stop, Record * Record to Cassette From: Turntable, CD, Cassette, AUX In, USB or SD * Easily Convert your favorite Vinyl directly to MP3 format
- Direct USB and SD Encoding from Turntable, CD, Cassette, AUX Input, and FM Radio * Easily connects to most Bluetooth Enabled devices * 3.5MM Aux Input * FM Radio * LCD with Blue Backlight
- Record from Vinyl, Radio, and Cassette to MP3, SD and USB * Record from AUX to USB/SD * USB/SD Slot for MP3 Playback * 33/45/78 RPM Select-able Turntab
Rank No. #13
Vinyl Record Player with External Speakers, USB Recording, 33 45 78 RPM Bluetooth LP Player Vintage Turntable with Dual Stereo Speakers Support AUX-in RCA Out Headphone Jack, Marble Color
- 【Bluetooth, RCA Line-out, AUX Input, Headphone Jack】 The vinyl turntable has a built-in Bluetooth receiver to stream your favorite music list from devices like your smartphone or tablet to the turntable. The AUX in port is used to input audio from non-Bluetooth devices. Headphone jack to enjoy private listening or output to other speakers. The RCA feature provides an additional audio output option, allowing you to connect the record player to external speakers or a sound system.
- 【External Camo Green Speakers】 Vintage record player with separable pair of external stereo speakers, it has excellent sound quality and is loud enough for many occasions, allowing you to easily enjoy full, authentic, and live vinyl audio in dual speakers. Other adjustments can also be made to optimize the quality of sound quality in different rooms or environments.
- 【USB Turntable Connects to PC】 Connect this lp player to your Mac or PC via the included USB conversion cable and encode vinyl audio into MP3/WAV format for digitalized storage and playback on your computer, smartphone, or tablet.
- 【33 45 78 RPM & ATUO-STOP】 Vinyl player at three different speeds (33 1/3, 45, and 78 RPM) to play 3 different sizes (7, 10, and 12-inch) vinyl records or albums. 45RPM adapter included. Features an automatic stop function, which stops the turntable from spinning when the record reaches the end.
- 【Classic Vintage Camo Design】 The vintage record player and exterior speakers feature camouflage-colored grain and solid wood construction throughout to ensure a warm and authentic sound. The unique and innovative finish is a bold attempt to place it in your home, where it will catch the eye of your guests and is a must-have decorative piece. The removable clear cover protects the turntable from dust and other harmful particles.
SaleRank No. #14
Trexonic 3-Speed Turntable with CD Player, Dual Cassette Player, BT, FM Radio & USB/SD Recording and Wired Shelf Speakers
- The stunning new turntable home stereo system from Trexonic will bring a sense of musical nostalgia to your home or office. The Trexonic 3-Speed Turntable With CD Player, Cassette Player, Wired Shelf Speakers, FM Radio & CD/USB/SD Recording blends seamlessly into your décor yet, adds a special touch of sophistication to your entertainment center.
- This compact yet powerful system will allow you to enjoy your favorite music from a wide range of media such as cassette's, vinyl record's, CD's, digitally recorded music from your USB Flash Drive, SD Card and content from your Bluetooth enabled devices.
- This unit features two wired shelf speakers which easily connect to the main turntable unit. Setting up the system is simple and intuitive. You can easily convert music from Vinyl directly to MP3 format with this sleek and sophisticated home stereo turntable. In addition you’ll have direct USB and SD Encoding from the Turntable, CD, Cassette, AUX Input, and FM Radio.
- Record from Vinyl, Radio, and Cassette to MP3, SD and USB * Record from AUX to USB/SD * USB/SD Slot for MP3 Playback * 33/45/78 RPM Select-able Turntable
- Dual Cassette Player: Play, Pause, Fast-forward, Rewind, Stop, Record * Record to Cassette From: Turntable, CD, Cassette, AUX In, USB or SD * Easily Convert your favorite Vinyl directly to MP3 format * Direct USB and SD Encoding from Turntable, CD, Cassette, AUX Input, and FM Radio * Easily connects to most Bluetooth Enabled devices
Rank No. #15
Music Hall MMF-5.3 2 Speed Belt Driven Audiophile Turntable with a Unique Dual-Plinth Design | Pre-Mounted Ortofon 2M Blue Cartridge | 9" Carbon Fiber Tonearm |Delivers Superior Audio Performance |
- Music Hall mmf-5.3 2-Speed Belt-Driven Turntable With Ortofon 2M Blue Cartridge
Rank No. #16
LoopTone Vinyl Record Player with Dual 15W External Speakers 9 in 1 3 Speed Bluetooth Vintage Turntable CD Cassette Player AM/FM Radio USB Recorder Aux-in RCA Line-Out
- 33, 45, 78 RPM speed options. Includes a 45 adapter to play 7” LP.Automatically pause and stop,protect your vinyl when all the music ending. The dust cover prevents dust from accumulating on vinyl records.
- Built-in 2 high quality external speakers, the maximum total power of the speakers were 30W , with amplifiers processing audio output, this wood record player sounds amazingly richer and louder without any distortion. Headphone jack makes you enjoy yourself in your music world.RCA line out could add your an amplifier or active speaker to improve the sound.
- This LoopTone turntable player includes CD player, cassette player, FM AM Radio, USB SD MMC player.A variety of players can meet your various requirements. The versatile design saves you space and money without having to buy other playback devices.
- Wireless Connection: Bluetooth can connect your mobile phone, tablet, mp3 player, computer and other Bluetooth devices to play your favorite music. Wired Connection: The Aux in jack makes this turntable player connect your music player more quickly and easily.
- Recording vinyl to MP3 or cassette, let you have more ways to listen to your vinyl record. Blue LED light display makes you to view the working situation in any mode more easily. Including remote control,Make it easier to control the record player. You can remotely control mute, play / pause music, switch modes, and so on.
SaleRank No. #17
Sunny Health & Fitness SF-RW1205 Rowing Machine Rower with 12 Level Adjustable Resistance, Digital Monitor and 100 KG Max Weight, Grey/black
- 【Progressive Resistance Levels】Elevate your rowing experience with 12 adjustable resistance levels, catering to everyone from beginners to advanced users. Safeguard your joints while achieving your fitness goals.
- 【Smooth, Quiet, and Lightweight 】Experience a seamless and silent workout with our hydraulic resistance system. Its lightweight design is ideal for compact living spaces, prioritizing noise control.
- 【Digital Workout Monitoring】 Stay on top of your fitness journey with the digital monitor. Track time, count, total count, calories burned, and enjoy the convenience of the scan function.
- 【Total Body Exercise】 Engage your entire body, including arms, core, back, legs, and glutes, through a single, smooth rowing stroke.
- 【Fun and Low Impact】 Transform your workout into an enjoyable, low-impact, full-body fat-burning experience. Watch your favorite shows while staying fit effortlessly.
Rank No. #18
VICTOR Cosmopolitan 8-in-1 Turntable Music Center with 3-Speed Record Player, CD/MP3/Cassette Player, AM/FM Radio, Dual Bluetooth in & Out, USB Playback & Record, & Built-in Stereo Speakers, Espresso
- 3-SPEED TURNTABLE -- 3-Speed Record Player will play all your favorite 33 1/3, 45, 78 RPM Vinyl Records in a Classic, Retro Design.
- BLUETOOTH IN -- Allows you to stream music, audiobooks, podcasts and more from your Phone or another Smart Device. Enjoy the wireless connection with your device up to 33 feet away.
- BLUETOOTH OUT -- Wirelessly stream your Records to any external Bluetooth Speaker or Wireless Headphones for ultimate music playback.
- PLAY YOUR FAVORITE CD'S -- A CD player to listen to your favorite CDs, in a Stylish Record Player.
- PLAY YOUR FAVORITE CASSETTES -- Built in Cassette Player allows you to listen to your Cassettes.
SaleRank No. #19
Audio-Technica AT-LP3BK Fully Automatic Belt-Drive Stereo Turntable, Black
- Take your analog listening experience to the next level with advanced features not typically found on automatic turntables, Damped base construction for reduced low-frequency feedback coloration
- Balanced straight tone arm comes with a 1/2" mount universal headshell and AT91R Dual Moving Magnet phono cartridge, giving you excellent high-fidelity performance
- Hydraulically damped lift control allows the stylus to be precisely and safely lowered and raised at any point on a record
- Offers fully automatic operation; simply press the Start button to begin play and the Stop button to lift and return the tone arm and shut off the turntable
- Constructed of anti-vibration damping materials that limits low-frequency feedback
Rank No. #20
Jorlai 10-in-1 Record Player Bluetooth Vintage Turntable 3-Speed with AM/FM Radio, 2 Separate Stereo Speakers, CD/Cassette Player, USB SD Player, RCA Line Out Aux in
- 【All-in-one Turntable Player】Three-speed vinyl record player is a multifunctional music center with AM/FM radio, Bluetooth, USB/SD record and playback, CD player, cassette player, external stereo speakers , remote control, Aux input and RCA line output.
- 【Dual External Stereo Speakers】 The multifunctional record player is equipped with a pair of stereo surround speakers, the volume is loud and clear enough, whether you are having a party or in the garden, living room, etc., you can easily enjoy the full, real and live from the dual speakers vinyl audio.
- 【Wireless Bluetooth connection】The multimedia record player has a built-in Bluetooth receiver, which can be wirelessly connected to your mobile phone or tablet and other Bluetooth-equipped devices through Bluetooth pairing, and easily play your favorite music.
- 【AM/FM & USB/SD/MMC】Experience crystal clear sound with our advanced turntable that features both AM and FM radio tuning. With the ability to switch between both modes, you can enjoy a wider range of audio options. The simple design and easy-to-use interface make it a breeze to switch between your favorite tracks, while the USB/SD/MMC inputs ensure endless entertainment.
- 【Great Choice for Gift】The LP player supports 3 sizes of vinyl (7"/10"/12") and is adjustable in 3 speeds. Vintage record player with brown wood look makes a great gift for Father/Mother's Day Christmas, Thanksgiving or the anniversary of an important event.
Last update on 2023-08-19 / Affiliate links / Product Titles, Images, Descriptions from Amazon Product Advertising API
How Do You Buy The Best Dual Turntable?
Do you get stressed out thinking about shopping for a great Dual Turntable? Do doubts keep creeping into your mind? We understand, because we’ve already gone through the whole process of researching Dual Turntable, which is why we have assembled a comprehensive list of the greatest Dual Turntable available in the current market. We’ve also come up with a list of questions that you probably have yourself.
We’ve done the best we can with our thoughts and recommendations, but it’s still crucial that you do thorough research on your own for Dual Turntable that you consider buying. Your questions might include the following:
- Is it worth buying an Dual Turntable?
- What benefits are there with buying an Dual Turntable?
- What factors deserve consideration when shopping for an effective Dual Turntable?
- Why is it crucial to invest in any Dual Turntable, much less the best one?
- Which Dual Turntable are good in the current market?
- Where can you find information like this about Dual Turntable?
We’re convinced that you likely have far more questions than just these regarding Dual Turntable, and the only real way to satisfy your need for knowledge is to get information from as many reputable online sources as you possibly can.
Potential sources can include buying guides for Dual Turntable, rating websites, word-of-mouth testimonials, online forums, and product reviews. Thorough and mindful research is crucial to making sure you get your hands on the best-possible Dual Turntable. Make sure that you are only using trustworthy and credible websites and sources.
We provide an Dual Turntable buying guide, and the information is totally objective and authentic. We employ both AI and big data in proofreading the collected information. How did we create this buying guide? We did it using a custom-created selection of algorithms that lets us manifest a top-10 list of the best available Dual Turntable currently available on the market.
This technology we use to assemble our list depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the following:
- Brand Value: Every brand of Dual Turntable has a value all its own. Most brands offer some sort of unique selling proposition that’s supposed to bring something different to the table than their competitors.
- Features: What bells and whistles matter for an Dual Turntable?
- Specifications: How powerful they are can be measured.
- Product Value: This simply is how much bang for the buck you get from your Dual Turntable.
- Customer Ratings: Number ratings grade Dual Turntable objectively.
- Customer Reviews: Closely related to ratings, these paragraphs give you first-hand and detailed information from real-world users about their Dual Turntable.
- Product Quality: You don’t always get what you pay for with an Dual Turntable, sometimes less, and sometimes more.
- Product Reliability: How sturdy and durable an Dual Turntable is should be an indication of how long it will work out for you.
We always remember that maintaining Dual Turntable information to stay current is a top priority, which is why we are constantly updating our websites. Learn more about us using online sources.
If you think that anything we present here regarding Dual Turntable is irrelevant, incorrect, misleading, or erroneous, then please let us know promptly! We’re here for you all the time. Contact us here. Or You can read more about us to see our vision.
FAQ:
Q: What are the features of a Dual turntable?
A: Dual turntables take everything wonderful about vinyl listening and cranks things up to eleven, offering a spectacular musical experience. Turntables also offer features that enhance usability, like automatic speeds and replay functions. These features make the listening experience effortless and relaxing.
Q: Is there a dual 1212 turntable on eBay?
A: Only 1 left! Dual 1212 Turntable Parts Lot. If you have ever wanted to enjoy studio-quality music in the comfort of your own home, you can do just that. With eBays stellar selection of Dual turntable complete models and individual parts, you can buy the parts or a complete turntable.
Q: Which is the best belt drive for a turntable?
A: The Dual 506 is part of the belt drive Dual range. Though more renowned for their 12xx series idler drives, Dual did make a few good belt drive turntables under the 500 series.
Q: Is the dual 1229 a high fidelity turntable?
A: The 1229 is considered to be the culmination of decades of Dual’s technological innovation. Unusually, for a high fidelity turntable, the Dual 1229 is fully automatic. The low level of rumble experienced when listening to the 1229 is a real boon for the lazy vinyl listeners.