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The Best Propane Single Burner Stove of 2023 – Reviewed and Top Rated

2,503 Reviews Scanned

Rank No. #1

Gas One GS-3400P Propane or Butane Stove Dual Fuel Stove Portable Camping Stove - Patent Pending - with Carrying Case Great for Emergency Preparedness Kit

Duel Fuel - Compatible With Both Butane (Fuel Not Included) And Propane Fuel (Fuel Not Included), Operates On A Single Butane Cartridge 8 Oz Or A Propane Cylinder 16.4 Oz , Propane Converter Regulator Included
Automatic Piezo Electric Ignition - Piezo-Electric Ignition That Eliminates The Use For Lighter/Matches In Order To Ignite Flame, No Need For Lighters Or Matches With This Stove
Easy To Use - Our Gs-3400P Is Easy To Use With Adjustable Heat Dial And Automatic Piezo-Electric Ignition
Safety Features - Built In Pressure Sensor Cartridge Ejection System And Gas Flow Cut Off Mechanism (Butane), Will Eject Cartridge When Irregular Pressure Is Detected

Rank No. #2

COOKAMP Single Burner Angle Iron Camp Portable Stove Propane Burner with CSA Listed Regulator and 4ft Hose [SA1200]

Rank No. #3

Coleman Classic 1-Burner Butane Stove, Portable Camping Stove with Carry Case and Push-Button Instant Ignition, Includes Precise Temperature Control and Wind Baffle, 7,650 BTUs of Power

PORTABLE: Lightweight and compact; included carry case makes it easy to bring to the campsite, picnic, roadside, and more
PRECISE TEMPERATURE CONTROL: Single adjustable burner for precise temperature control
EASY TO CLEAN: Porcelain-coated grate is removeable for quick cleanup; rust-proof aluminum burner
LARGE BASE: For stable and easy stirring
MATCHLESS LIGHTING: Instastart ignition for automatic, matchless lighting; 7,650 total BTUs of cooking power

Rank No. #4

CONCORD 12" THE BLOCK BURNER Single Propane Outdoor Burner. 100,000 BTU Great for Home Brewing, Camping, Tailgating, and More!

Concord 12" THE BLOCK BURNER is as versitile as they come. Utilizing our Mini Cyclone burner heads, this burner is capable of putting out up to 100,000 BTU.
Our single propane Block Burner is great for backyard cookouts, tailgating, camping, and so much more. Weighing approximately 9 LBS, it is one of the lightest 100,000 BTU burners on the market! Just pick it up, place it in
Our Block Burner features a cast iron burner head, high pressure 0-20 PSI regulator hose, and a powder coated steel frame. Also comes with a carrying handle for easy transportation.
Our Burner also features a full 360 welded frame. This means extra sturdy. Toss it, kick it, really use it for a lifetime.
Burner Dimensions: 12.25" Wide x 17" Overall Length. 6.4" Height. 9 LBS

Rank No. #5

GasOne 200K BTU Propane Burner – Heavy-Duty Propane Stove – Outdoor Burner with Adjustable 0-20Psi Regulator and Steel Braided Hose – Ideal for Home Brewing, Turkey Fry

A Professional Choice: If you love outdoor cooking, it’s time to make it even more enjoyable and fun with Gas One! Our single burner outdoor stove is designed to impress with its high 200,000 BTU heat output, robust construction and reliable construction that elevates any cooking adventure!
Built to Last: The Gas One propane camp stove is built for superior performance and safe cooking! That’s why our outdoor burner features a heavy-duty metal body with cast iron burners and a high-temperature protective coating that ensure long-lasting use and outstanding resistance!
Heat-Control Regulator: Our propane burners for outdoor cooking come with a special regulator knob that allows easy heat control. The regulator is adjustable from 0 to 20psi, adapting to your cooking and heating needs.
Safety Comes First: The Gas One propane burner comes with all the accessories needed for safe use, including an adjustable heat regulator with a steel braided hose and O-ring that can help prevent any gas leaks and ensure reliable use.
STEEL BRAIDED HOSE: 0-20 psi adjustable regulator with Steel braided hose included to use with propane tank

SaleRank No. #6

Horynar Single Burner Propane Stove with Propane Adapter Hose 13000 BTU Smart Switch Protection for Children. Portable, Unique Body Integrated Design

CSA & VERY MONEY SAVING - Horynar propane stove 1 burner with propane adapter Hose. CSA group. Safe and secure, Very money saving..
SMART PROTECTION SWITCH - The switch of the single burner propane stove needs to be pressed down to ignite. Effectively protect the safety of children's lives.
STURDY & WELL MADE - The single gas burner adopts an integral thickened stainless steel design. There are no rivets on the exterior surface. Very sturdy. Inside edge rounding process. Will not cut your fingers.
HIGH HEAT OUTPUT - Single propane burner up to 13000 BTU.The propane burner adopts 360° oxygen intake. Full burn.Can quickly heat food and water.
AUTOMATIC PIEZOELECTRIC LGNITION - The propane gas stove not use lighters and matches to ignite.Automatically ignite the flame stoves.It is a nice propane burner.

Rank No. #7

Camplux Dual Fuel Propane & Butane Stove with Carrying Case, Portable Camping Stoves with CSA Certification

Dual Fuel Design - The propane stove can connect an 8 oz butane canister (7,200 BTU/HR) or 16.4 oz propane canister (6,500 BTU/HR)
Safety Protection - Portable gas stoves have CSA Certification requirements for North American safety. Built-in overpressure protection and gas leakage protection device
Portable - 3.31LB, 3.14*12.99*11.22", lightweight and compact. Including a carrying case, easy to carry
Easy to Use - The portable stove use piezo-electric ignition, no need to use matches or lighters. Lock the gas canister position and turn the control knob to the end with a clicking voice
Included Components - CSA certification gas regulator to connect 16.4oz propane cylinder(not included), carrying case, instruction manual

Rank No. #8

Texsport Single Burner Propane Stove

Compact and Lightweight Single Burner Stove with ANTI-CLOG BURNER
10,000 BTUs with Adjustable Heat Control for PRECISE COOKING TEMPERATURE
Burner and Base separate from propane bottle for COMPACT EASY CARRY. The large paddlefoot base provides maximum stability
Pot/Pan Holder supports 7½" pans and the WIND BAFFLES protect your burner from wind providing maximum heat
Metal socket injector valve fits either 16.4 oz. or 14.1 oz. DISPOSABLE PROPANE FUEL clyliner (not included)

Rank No. #9

Stansport Single Burner Propane Stove (200-95)

Compact single burner propane stove
Ideal size for 1-2 people while camping, backpacking, and Rving
Durable heavy gauge steel with baked-on enamel finish
Uses 16.4 oz. (464.9g) disposable propane cylinder (not included)
Low profile base for stability

Rank No. #10

GasOne Propane Single Burner Camp Stove with High Temp Paint & Red QCC Steel Braided Regulator with Height Adjustable Leg

HIGH PRESSURE SINGLE PROPANE BURNER - Gas One’s B-3000H-15, our single-high-pressure burner, is the perfect fit for those looking for heat that packs a punch. Along with its height adjustability (removable legs) and its included regulator heat dial, the B-3000H-15 is a masterful blend of power and control.
NO MORE BACKPAIN FROM COOKING OR BREWING WITH HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT - With two sets of detachable legs, the B-3000H-15 allows for the usage of a taller burner to get rid of pesky back pains when having to crouch over to fire up a high-pressure burner. Remove a set of the detachable legs to create a short sturdy burner!
EASY HEAT ADJUSTMENT WITH A REGULATOR HEAT DIAL - The B-3000H-15 Included hose/regulator has a built-in adjustable heat dial to control the flame directly from your regulator!
RUGGED CONSTRUCTION - Made with tough welding and a study body frame, the Gas One’s Single High-Pressure Propane Burner is guaranteed to last long with consistent strength. The B-3000H-15 burner head is made of resilient cast-iron and allows for A high output.
SAFETY 1ST - Includes a premium red QCC and steel braided hose

Rank No. #11

Propane Stove Single Burner Propane Stove 1 Burner Propane Burner Camping Stove Propane with Propane Adapter Hose 12000 BTU Portable Gas Stove One-piece Panel Design(silver)

CSA HOSE & VERY MONEY SAVING - Our single burner propane stove with propane adapter Hose. CSA group. Safe and secure, Very money saving .
STURDY & WELL MADE - As shown in the picture 2,The propane stove 1 burner adopts an integral thickened stainless steel design. There are no rivets on the exterior surface. One-piece panel design,Very sturdy.
HIGH HEAT OUTPUT - Propane stove up to 12000 BTU.The propane burner adopts 360° oxygen intake. Full burn.Can quickly heat food and water.
NON-SLIP SMALL RING- Small pot on other burner ring slide easily.Our propane stove extra small ring allows you to use a 3.5 inch milk pan very safely, or you can use a small teapot.
AUTOMATIC PIEZOELECTRIC LGNITION - Single gas burner not use lighters and matches to ignite.Automatically ignite the flame stoves.It is a nice propane burner.

Rank No. #12

DUAL FUEL CAMP STOVE: This camping stove is engineered to work seamlessly with both standard 8oz butane cylinders and 16.4oz propane cylinders. The included adapter ensures hassle-free transition between fuels, giving you flexibility on your outdoor adventures. The Dual Fuel Camping Stove is ingeniously crafted to operate with both standard 8oz butane cylinders and 16.4oz propane cylinders. This dual fuel capability allows you to choose between butane and propane based on your preferences, availability, or specific cooking requirements.
AUTOMATIC PIEZO IGNITION: Easy to use, starts with the built-in automatic piezo ignition. Follow the simple instructions, and you'll have a flame ready for cooking in no time. Make sure to adhere to all safety guidelines for optimal performance. The built-in automatic piezo ignition is designed for user-friendly operation. With a straightforward mechanism, starting a flame becomes a hassle-free process. Follow the simple instructions provided, and you'll have a reliable flame ready for cooking in no time.
PERFECT FOR CAMPING: The Grill Boss Butane Camp Stove is your ideal companion for camping, hiking, backpacking, and other outdoor activities. Its compact design allows it to fit snugly into a hard shell plastic case, making transportation a breeze. The Grill Boss Dual Fuel Camp Stove features a compact and portable design, making it easy to transport to your favorite camping spots. Its thoughtful design allows it to fit snugly into a hard shell plastic case, ensuring hassle-free transportation.
EASY TO USE: Igniting the stove is a straightforward process. Attach the chosen fuel, and twist the ignition knob anti-clockwise past the first point of resistance until you hear a satisfying click. If no click is heard, simply twist further until ignition occurs. While using the camp stove, always adhere to safety guidelines provided in the product manual. Ensure proper ventilation, keep flammable materials away from the stove, and follow recommended practices to maintain a safe cooking environment during your outdoor activities.
SAFETY FEATURES: Your safety is our priority. The Grill Boss Dual Camp Stove is equipped with a built-in gas shutoff mechanism that activates if irregular gas flow is detected. Cook with confidence knowing that safety is at the forefront of our design. To maximize safety, it's essential to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations outlined in the product manual. This includes proper setup, fuel attachment, and maintenance procedures.

Rank No. #13

GasOne B-5150 Outdoor Cooker - 14.5" Wide with High Pressure Steel Braided Hose Propane Burner Camp Stove - Red QCC

HIGH HEAT OUTDOOR COOKER – Gas One’s single propane burner cooks, boils, and grills rather quickly. A great addition for those looking to power there Tailgating, camping, or even the occasional family cookout
STEEL BRAIDED HOSE – High pressure adjustable regulator, heat resistant, steel-braided hose that ensures safe gas pressure and flow. An O-Ring is included with the regulator to assure a leak free experience
STURDY BUILD AND MATERIAL – Gas One’s single burner is built with a strong constructible frame.
PERFECT FOR ALL COOKING – A reliable burner for diverse cooking, Gas One’s single gas burner is a great tool for turkey frying, crab boiling, Cajun cooking, and other types of outdoor cooking
LOW HEIGHT FRAME – Gas one’s single burner has an extremely sturdy body and is compact enough to be highly portable. Easy to store and able to handle heavy weight, The B-5150 is the heavy-duty burner for your outdoor cookouts

SaleRank No. #14

Hothit Portable Single Burner Propane Stove, 14,300 BTU High Power Auto Ignition Stainless Steel Gas Cooktop For RV Outdoor Kitchen and Apartment

【Powerful Burner】Hothit Portable Outdoor Gas Stove, with 1 burner made of high temperature cast iron. 14,300BTU/Hr Heat Output, and the upgraded fan blade system can control the firepower more accurately, and can quickly heat in harsh environment, saving your precious time.
【Durable Materials】The Hothit Gas Stove is made of 0.5mm thick stainless steel with a solid body, which is not easy to break and easy to clean; High-temperature cast iron burner, high-quality engineering plastic knob, anti-skid durable rubber furnace foot, piezoelectric ignition system with 500000 ignition durability tests.
【Easy to Install】It can be used after three steps of installation: 1. Install Trivet, 2. Connect gas regulator, 3. Connect gas. We are equipped with a Trivet, a gas regulator and a 36-inch hose, a spare furnace foot, a spare knob cover, and a small grate, which is suitable for pans. You do not need to purchase other accessories.
【Portable & Wide Application】 The compact portable design is adopted, and the size is -11.4"×14.6"×4.3", weighing only 5.4 pounds, The burner is equipped with piezoelectric ignition function. When the burner is ignited, it can be ignited without traditional matches or lighters. It is very suitable for motorhomes, small apartments, outdoor kitchens, camping picnics, etc.
【Warranty & Attention】We provide a 1-year warranty for gas cookers.For your safety, a gas leak test is required before use. Please feel free to contact us, if you have any problems, and we will serve you.

Rank No. #15

Coleman Bottletop Propane Camping Stove, Portable 1-Burner Adjustable Stove with Wind Baffles, Pressure Regulator, and 10,000 BTUs of Power; Great for Camping, Hiking, Backpacking, & More

UP TO 10,000 total BTUs of Cooking Power
PRESSURE REGULATOR provides consistent performance in extreme conditions
PERFECTHEAT DESIGN ensures efficient cooking with less fuel
1 ADJUSTABLE BURNER allows for precise temperature control; fits an 8 inch pan
WIND BAFFLES shield burner from wind to maintain maximum heat

SaleRank No. #16

GasOne Camping Stove Bottletop Propane Tank Camp Stove with Waterproof Carry Bag

EASILY PORTABLE - Made with transportability in mind, the GS-8000 is compact and easily accessible; the burner is carried in separate pieces to allow for it to be packed in small backpacks and travel bags; effortlessly set up and dissembled, enjoy the perks of a reliable and convenient burner without any of the complicated hassle
DIE CAST ALUMINUM - The GS-8000, unlike most competitor products, is made with die-cast aluminum allowing for a long lasting, rust-free appliance lifetime; lightweight and durable, the adjustable portable camping stove is a perfect fit for campers and backpackers looking to get the biggest bang for their buck
HIGH QUALITY CARRY BAG - The stove includes a durable, high quality carry bag for the users convenience; designed specifically for the portable stove, the bag is weatherproof, waterproof, and ensures the stove stays safe and protected when transported or kept in storage
CONVENIENT BOTTLE HOLDER - A stable base and 1lb propane bottle holder is included with the stove to make sure the fuel source stays locked in place and the user has a firm and secure cooking experience; detachable and stored with ease, the separate components of the portable stove allow for quick and comfortable usage in any situation
HIGH OUTPUT - the GS-8000 has a powerful BTU that allows for users to timely fry, stir, or boil their food, water, or soup in a flash; compact and lightweight, yet undoubtably packed with cooking power, the portable stove out-heats most home stoves while offering the ability of cooking on the go with ease

SaleRank No. #17

ARC Stainless Steel Single Burner Propane Stove, 200,000BTU High Pressure Outdoor Propane Burner Cooker, 16.5"Heavy Duty Gas Burners for Outdoor Cooking For Turkey Fry, Seafood Boil, Homebrewing

🔥ARC Single Propane Burner, 200,000BTU Single Burner Propane Stove, Square Stainless Steel Wok Burner with Stainless Steel Braided Hose & Adjustable 0-20PSI Regulator.
🔥STAINLESS STEEL FRAME: The propane stove adopted all-welded stainless steel frame technology and is made from high-quality stainless steel. It is windproof and waterproof for outdoor use and is durable.
🔥HIGH BTU BURNER: The 10" large single burner propane stove is made with premium cast iron and has a 200,000 BTU high heat output suitable for different cooking needs.
🔥PORTABLE SIZE: ARC single square gas burner weight 24lb and 16.5" LWH can easly fit into the trunk of most of the cars. Cookpot Diameter range is 9.4"- 23.5".
🔥IMPROVED WINDGUARD: The thickened base and heightened windshields protect the burner's flame from strong breeze is ideal for outdoor cooking

Rank No. #18

GasOne 275,000 BTU Propane Burner Cooker With Regulator with Steel Braided Hose For Outdoor Cooking, Turkey Fry

HIGHEST BTU IN THE MARKET - With Highout, the B-5350 is the highest flame output 275,000 BTU single propane burner available in the market; a fully controllable flame, an extremely durable body, and a portable design makes the heavy duty burner the go to appliance for any outdoor cooking occasion from tailgates to backyard projects
PSI ADJUSTABLE PROPANE REGULATOR - Steel braided, adjustable from 0-20 PSI for pin point heat adjustment, the B-5350’s propane regulator is the reliable connection you need to ensure a leak-free, fully controlled burner experience; measuring at 4ft, compatible with 20 lb propane tanks (QCC-Type 1), and fully adjustable, the propane regulator will allow users to go from sizzle to max output with the turn of a knob
STURDY BUILD - The high-pressure heavy duty burner was made with three things in mind: a stable and extremely sturdy frame, a powerful heat source, and an easily accessible, easily portable low profile design; the B-5350’s frame, as well as it’s cast iron burner head, was created to last long and withstand consistent usage
HIGH TEMPERATURE PAINT - Unlike most competitors, the heavy duty burner comes with high-temperature resistant paint that rids of the common problem of peeling frames and the smell of paint burning fumes that so many burners face when first used
BUILT IN WIND BLOCKERS - Don’t let the breeze stop you from cooking; the go-to burner for any outdoor cooking situation, the B-5350 is designed with built-in wind blockers that help keep the burner’s flame power efficient, stable, and well functioning even in windy situations

Rank No. #19

Propane Gas Cooktop，Single Burner Gas Stove Stainless Steel Portable Gas Stove，Auto Ignition Camping Single Burner LPGfor RV, Apartments, Outdoor

【High Heat Output】Stainless Steel Portable Gas Stove, 9800 BTU/hrHeats up Food Quickly and Evenly with Auto Ignition, no Need for Cumbersome Start-up and Heats up Quickly Features a Control Knob to Conveniently Set
【 Maerial】-The surface of the propane gas cooktop is durable and made of 304 stainless steel, which is corrosion-resistant and easy to clean
【Complete Accessories】Single burner gas cooktop with CSA certified gas regulator and 5ft hose for ease of use
【Perfect Dimension】This Gas Cooktop Size:14'' x 11'' x 3.4'' Propane Stove with the New Stove Frame, the Woks and Pans can be Placed Steadily Without Slipping Gas Burner Comes with four Non-slip Rubber Legs
【Wide Application】erfect for Outdoor Kitchens and Weather Condition,rain or Shine,especially for Outdoor Kitchen and BBQ Island. At the Same time,Burner Comes with a Piezo Lgnition Function to Sidestep the Need for Conventional Matches or Lighters When Igniting your Burner.Simply Push and Turn the Knob to Enable the Flame

Rank No. #20

Lot45 Portable Camping Stove Propane or Butane 8000 BTU - 1 Single Burner Camping Stove with Carrying Case - Gas Cooking Tabletop Propane and Butane Dual Fuel Portable Stove for Indoor or Outdoor Use

[Single Burner]: Lot45 One Burner Camping Stove has a raised burner guard to accommodate any size pan; Includes stove with case, propane tank stand, regulator hose
[Dual Fuel]: Cook with a compatible 8oz (237mL) butane cartridge or use the included propane converter with your camping stove fuel to cook with a 16.4oz (485mL) propane canister; Fuel not included
[Added Safety]: Whenever unsafe pressure is detected coming from the fuel source, our portable camping stove will automatically shut off to prevent fire or injury
[Self Igniting]: Eliminate the need for matches and lighters with our small camping stove that has an ignition built in so you can get cooking in no time
[Take with You]: The portable design of this gas stove for camping means you can take it anywhere; Keep one at your house in case of emergency and use in well-ventilated areas

Last update on 2023-07-29 / Affiliate links / Product Titles, Images, Descriptions from Amazon Product Advertising API

How Do You Buy The Best Propane Single Burner Stove?

Do you get stressed out thinking about shopping for a great Propane Single Burner Stove? Do doubts keep creeping into your mind? We understand, because we’ve already gone through the whole process of researching Propane Single Burner Stove, which is why we have assembled a comprehensive list of the greatest Propane Single Burner Stove available in the current market. We’ve also come up with a list of questions that you probably have yourself.

We’ve done the best we can with our thoughts and recommendations, but it’s still crucial that you do thorough research on your own for Propane Single Burner Stove that you consider buying. Your questions might include the following:

Is it worth buying an Propane Single Burner Stove?
What benefits are there with buying an Propane Single Burner Stove?
What factors deserve consideration when shopping for an effective Propane Single Burner Stove?
Why is it crucial to invest in any Propane Single Burner Stove, much less the best one?
Which Propane Single Burner Stove are good in the current market?
Where can you find information like this about Propane Single Burner Stove?

We’re convinced that you likely have far more questions than just these regarding Propane Single Burner Stove, and the only real way to satisfy your need for knowledge is to get information from as many reputable online sources as you possibly can.

Potential sources can include buying guides for Propane Single Burner Stove, rating websites, word-of-mouth testimonials, online forums, and product reviews. Thorough and mindful research is crucial to making sure you get your hands on the best-possible Propane Single Burner Stove. Make sure that you are only using trustworthy and credible websites and sources.

We provide an Propane Single Burner Stove buying guide, and the information is totally objective and authentic. We employ both AI and big data in proofreading the collected information. How did we create this buying guide? We did it using a custom-created selection of algorithms that lets us manifest a top-10 list of the best available Propane Single Burner Stove currently available on the market.

This technology we use to assemble our list depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the following:

Brand Value: Every brand of Propane Single Burner Stove has a value all its own. Most brands offer some sort of unique selling proposition that’s supposed to bring something different to the table than their competitors.
Features: What bells and whistles matter for an Propane Single Burner Stove?
Specifications: How powerful they are can be measured.
Product Value: This simply is how much bang for the buck you get from your Propane Single Burner Stove.
Customer Ratings: Number ratings grade Propane Single Burner Stove objectively.
Customer Reviews: Closely related to ratings, these paragraphs give you first-hand and detailed information from real-world users about their Propane Single Burner Stove.
Product Quality: You don’t always get what you pay for with an Propane Single Burner Stove, sometimes less, and sometimes more.
Product Reliability: How sturdy and durable an Propane Single Burner Stove is should be an indication of how long it will work out for you.

We always remember that maintaining Propane Single Burner Stove information to stay current is a top priority, which is why we are constantly updating our websites. Learn more about us using online sources.

If you think that anything we present here regarding Propane Single Burner Stove is irrelevant, incorrect, misleading, or erroneous, then please let us know promptly! We’re here for you all the time. Contact us here. Or You can read more about us to see our vision.

FAQ:

Q: What is the best propane stove?

A: List Of Top 10 Best Propane Stoves in 2019 10. Fire-Maple Fixed Star 1 FMS-X1 9. Martin 2 Burner Propane Stove 8. Stansport High Output Propane Stove 7. Coleman FyreSergeant 3-IN-1 Propane Stove 6. Masterbuilt 20020413 Double-Burner 5. Coleman Camp Propane Grill/Stove+ 4. Coleman Triton + Propane Camping Stove 3. Coleman Triton Series 2-Burner Stove

Q: What is a dual burner stove?

A: Dual-fuel can be a combination of any fuel sources, but the most common dual-fuel stoves are natural gas and electric with gas burners on the cooktop and an electric element in the oven. Gas burners have the advantage of precise heating control for foods cooked in pots and pans, while an electric oven offers even heating for baked goods.

Q: What is portable gas stove?

A: Three parts of portable gas-Cartridge, Burner and Regulator. A portable stove is a cooking stove specially designed to be portable and lightweight, used in camping, picnicking, backpacking, or other use in remote locations where an easily transportable means of cooking or heating is needed.

Q: What is a propane gas burner?

A: Propane burner used with forced air into a metal melting furnace. A gas burner is a device that produces a controlled flame by mixing a fuel gas such as acetylene , natural gas, or propane with an oxidizer such as the ambient air or supplied oxygen, and allowing for ignition and combustion.